Kröger, Wolfgang, Prof.

• Curriculum Vitae
• Publikationen/publications
• Medien/media

Born in Herne 2 (Wanne-Eickel), Germany, 1945, German and Swiss citizen

Degrees/Higher Education

Employment

Main Activities

• Providing methods and data suitable to model, analyze/simulate and optimize complex engineered systems/critical infrastructures in the energy, transportation and ICT domain, and their interconnectedness regarding reliability/availability, risk and vulnerability.
• Developing a framework for comprehensive risk and vulnerability analysis and related management strategies as well as tools for decision making processes.
• Putting management of technological transborder risks into a broader context and promoting international activities such as the International Risk Governance Council (IRGC) following a trans-sectorial and multi-disciplinary approach. Supporting the estabilsment of the ETH Risk Center and its outreach activities.
• Concretizing conceptionally "sustainable development" for energy systems and assessing technology options, including nuclear energy.
• Directing the "Certificate of Advanced Studies" on "Risk and Safety" of ETH and University of Stuttgart (until 2010).
• Most recent publications address vulnerability analysis of engineered critical infrastructures (book journals) as well as security of energy supply and the role of nuclear power (contributions to books).

Committees and Memberships

• Member of Advisory Board, Munich Center for Technology in Society, TU Munich, and Nuclear Institutes, RWTH Aachen.
• Safety Review Group of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD/NSA), London; Chairman (on hold).
• Member of the Board (Vice-Chairman, until 2010), Chairman of the Advisory Board, International Risk Governance Council (IRGC) (until early 2012), Geneva.
• Member of Scientific Directorate, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik (DGAP), Berlin.
• Editorial Board of the Journal of Risk Research, the International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, the Planet@Risk.
• Individual Member of Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (SATW); leader topical platform 'risk'.
• Member of Scientists Council of Europäische Akademie.
• OECD/NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI), Paris; Vice-Chairman (until June 2003).
• International Nuclear Technology Commission (ILK) Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bavaria, Hessen (resignation July 2007).
• Member of EC ad hoc Advisory Group "Energy Roadmap 2050" (2011).
• Member of the ENEF WG "opportunity", Prague/Bratislava.
• Member (designated) of Technical Review Committee, New Organization of the Federation of Electric Power Companies, Japan.

Awards

• OECD/NEA News prize 2001
• Honorary member of SGK 2004
• Short-term Fellowship TU Munich, Institute of Advanced Studies (IAS) 2011
• Distinguished Affiliated Professor TU Munich 2011

Most Recent Books

• Streffer, C., Gethmann, C.F., Kamp, G., Kröger, W., Rehbinder, E., Renn, O., Radioactive Waste, ISBN 978-3-642-22924-4, 2012
• Kröger W., Zio E., Vulnerable Systems, Springer, ISBN 978-0-85729-654-2, 2011

a) Articles in Journals/Contributions to Books (after 2000)

• Bilis E.I., Kröger W., Performance of Electric Power Systems under Physical Malicious Attacks, IEEE Systems Journal (in press), 2012
• Nan C, Eusgeld I & Kröger W. Hidden Vulnerabilities due to Interdependencies between SCADA and SUC, CRITIS 2012, LNCS:Springer-Verlag (in press), 2012.
• Michel Heng, Keith W. Hipel, Liping Fang, Ana Maria Cruz, Wolfgang Kröger, T. F. Fwa, Norio Okada, Governing Global Critical Infrastructure Systems, Journal of Infrastructure Systems (submitted), 2010
• Kröger W., An overview of Swiss research on vulnerability of critical infrastructure, acatech, Germany, ISBN 978-3-642-18218-1, 2011
• Kröger W., Energie aus Kernspaltung: Chancen und Wagnis, in "Energy", Hrsg. Rudolf von Rohr, P., Walde, P., Batlogg, B., vdf Hochschulverlag AG, 2009, ISBN 978-3-7281-3219-2
• Kaegi M., Mock R., Kröger W., Analyzing Maintenance Strategies by Agent-based Simulations: A Feasibility Study, in Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier 94(9), pp. 2277-84, 2009
• Eusgeld I., Kröger W., Sansavini G., Schläpfer M., Zio E., The Role of Network Theory and Object-oriented Modeling within a Framework for the Vulnerability Analysis of Critical Infrastructures, in Journal Reliability Engineering & Systems Safety, Elsevier, 94(5), pp.954-63, 2009
• Kröger W., Critical Infrastructures at Risk, A Need for a New Conceptual Approach and Extended Analytical Tools, in Reliability Engineering & System Safety, Elsevier, 93(12), 2008
• Kröger W., Global Risk Governance im Energiebereich, Internationale Politik 2005-2006, S.292-96, in Jahrbücher des Forschungsinstituts der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, Band 27, Hrsg. Braml J., et al., Oldenbourg, München, 2008, ISBN 978-3-486-58342-7
• Kröger W., Technische Risiken, in Risk Management, Erfolgreicher Umgang mit zentralen Unternehmensrisiken, Hrsg. Boutellier R., Montagne E., Verlag SKU, Zurich, 2008, ISBN 978-3-033-01655-2
• IRGC (lead author Kröger W.), Managing and Reducing Social Vulnerabilities from Coupled Critical Infrastructures, IRGC, White Paper 3, October 2006
• Kröger W., Reflections on Current and Future Nuclear Safety, atw, Vol. 51, 07/2006
  Kröger W., Critical Infrastructures at Risk: Securing Electric Power Supply, International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, 2006, No.2/3, pp. 273-93
• Gheorghe A. V., Birchmeier J, Vamanu D, Papazoglou I, Kröger W., Comprehensive Risk Assessment for Rail Transportation of Dangerous Goods: a Validated Platform for Decision Support, in Reliability Engineering & System Safety, Elsevier, 88(2), pp. 247-72, 2005
• Kröger W., Risk Analyses and Protection Strategies for Operation of Nuclear Power Plants, in Landolt-Börnstein New Series Vol. VIII/3B (Advanced Materials and Technologies/Energy), Springer, 2005
• Kröger, W., Mock, R., Networked Systems, Challenges in Risk Analysis and Availability Assessment, in The Real and the Virtual World of Planning, Koll-Schretzenmayr M., Keiner M., Nussbaumer, G. (eds.), Springer, 2003. ISBN 3-540-40748-0
• Gheorghe A.V., Birchmeier J., Vamanu D., Papazoglou I., Kröger W., Comprehensive Risk Assessment for Rail Transportation of Dangerous Goods: A Validated Platform for Decision Support, Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 86(10), 2003
• Kröger W., Interview on Risk Assessment, Journal of Risk Research, Volume 6, Issues 4 - 6, Carfax Publishing, Abingdon, July 2003, ISSN: 1366-9877
• Kröger W., Zukunftspotenziale der Kernenergie, in Zukunft der Energieversorgung, Innovationsbeirat der Landesregierung von Baden-Württemberg und wissenschaftlich-technischer Beirat der Bayerischen Staatsregierung, Springer, 2003, ISBN 3-540-00095-X
  Kröger W., and Høj N. P., Risk Analyses of Transportation on Road and Railway from a European Perspective, in Safety Science, Vol. 40, Issues 1-4, Elsevier Science, 2002
• Kröger W., Dealing with Risks and Safety of Technical Systems - Need for a New Commission?, in Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 4, Issue 4, Taylor & Francis Ltd., 2001
• Kröger W., Risikoanalyse jenseits der Wahrnehmung, in Risiko-Dialog-von der Idee zur konkreten Umsetzung, Zucker B.(Hrsg.), I-VW HSG, 2001
• Gheorghe A., Mock R., and Kröger, W., Risk Assessment of Regional Systems, Reliability Engineering & System Safety 70, Elsevier Applied Science, 2000
• Kröger W., Fischer P.U., Balancing Safety and Economics, in Nuclear Engineering and Design 195 (1), Elsevier Science, 2000

b) Published Contributions to Academic Conferences

• Nan C, Eusgeld I& Kröger W. Assessing CI Interdependency Issues using an HLA-compliant Simulation Platform, PSAM 11 & ESREL 2012, 25-29 June, Helsinki, Finland, 2012
• Nan C, Eusgeld I& Kröger W. Exploring Impacts of Single Failure Propagation between SCADA and SUC, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) 2011, Singapore, 2011
• Nan C., Kröger W., Probst P. Exploring Critical Infrastructure Interdependency by Hybrid Simulation Approach, ESREL 2011, 18-22 September, France, 2011
• Nan C and Kröger W. A New Modeling Approach for Resolving CI Interdependency Issues. Proc. 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (ICASP 11), 1-4 August, Zurich, 2011
• Raschke M., Bilis E. I., Kröger W. Vulnerability of the Swiss electric power transmission grid against natural hazards. Proc. 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (ICASP 11), 1-4 August, Zurich, 2011
• Zhou L., Kröger W. and Mock R., Framing Vulnerability Analysis of Critical Infrastructure Regarding Information Security, Proc. ESREL 2010, 5-9 September, Greece, Rhodes, 2010
• Bilis E. I., Raschke M. and Kröger W., Seismic Response of the Swiss Transmission Grid, Proc. ESREL 2010, 5-9 September, Greece, Rhodes, 2010
• Nussbaumer O., Kröger W., and Zio E., Analytical Solutions of Large Fault Tree Models using BDD: New Techniques and Applications, Proc. PSAM10, 7-11 June, USA, Seattle, 2010
• Chawla R., Ansermet J.P., Cavedon J.M., Hirt P., Kröger W., Prasser H.M., Tran Q. M., The Swiss Master in Nuclear Engineering: A Collaboration between Universities, Research Centre and Industry, Proc. ICONE18, 17-21 May, China, Xi'ian, 2010
• Kröger W., Probst P., Coping with Vulnerabilities of Interconnected Critical Infrastructures, Proc. PSAM10, 7-11 June, USA, Seattle, 2010
• Wagner S., Eusgeld I., Kröger W., Guaglio G., Balancing Safety and Availability for an Electronic Protection System, Proc. ESREL, 22-25 September, Spain, Valencia, 2008
• Eusgeld I., Kröger W., Vulnerability Analysis of Interdependent Critical Infrastructures within a Governance Process: A Methodical Framework (abstract), Proc. International Disaster and Risk Conference, Switzerland, Davos, August 25-29, 2008
• Schläpfer M., Kessler T., Kröger W., Reliability Analysis of Electric Power Systems Using an Object-oriented Hybrid Modeling Approach, Proc. 16th Power Systems Computation Conference, 14-18 July, UK, Glasgow, 2008
• Kröger W., Handling Risks in the Electric Power Sector, Proc.PSAM9, May 18-23, Hong Kong, pp. 93-99, 2008
• Eusgeld I., Kröger W., Comparative Evaluation of Modeling and Simulation Technique for Interdependent Critical Infrastructures, Proc. PSAM9, May 18-23, Hong Kong, pp. 49-57, 2008
• Eusgeld I., Kröger W., Towards a Framework for Vulnerability Analysis of Interconnected Infrastructures, Proc. PSAM9, May 18-23, Hong Kong, pp. 107-16, 2008
• Kröger W., Issues of Energy Security, Proc. Latsis Symposium, Switzerland, Zurich, October 2006
• Kröger W., ILK Recommendations on the Use of PSA in Nuclear Licensing and Supervision Process, Proc. PSAM 6, June 2002, Puerto Rico, San Juan, Elsevier Science, 2002
• Fabricius S., Kröger W., High Level Stochastic Petri Net Simulation for Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Cost Analysis, Proc. PSAM 6, June 2002, Puerto Rico, San Juan, Elsevier Science, 2002
• Fabricius S., Badreddin E., Kröger W., Migration to Advanced Maintenance and Monitoring Techniques in the Process Industry, Proc. COMADEM 2001. Manchester, UK, 2001
• Kröger W., Hirschberg S., Foskolos K., The Attributes of Sustainability of Energy Options, in Proc. International Symposium on the Role of Nuclear Energy in a Sustainable Environment, MIT Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems (CANES), Cambridge, USA, 2001

c) Books, Journals, Proceedings (selected before 2000)

• Gheorghe A.V, Birner T., and Kröger W., Multicriteria Optimization of Transportation of Dangerous Goods in a Free Market Environment, in Proc. PSAM 4, Sept. 1998, New York City, Vol. 4, edited by Mosleh A., and Bari R. A. London: Springer-Verlag, 1998
• Kröger W., Sustainable Development of Energy Supply. Int. Conference of Environment and Nuclear Energy, Washington D.C., October, 1997, in Environment and Nuclear Energy, edited by Kursunoglu B.N., Mintz S.L., and Perlmutter A. New York: Plenum Press, 1998
• Kröger, W., and Foskolos K., Wahrnehmung und Akzeptanz im Licht der Kernenergie-Kontroverse, in Risiko-Dialog - Zukunft ohne Harmonieformel. Köln: Deutscher Instituts-Verlag, 1996, ISBN 3-602-14395-3
• Brogli R., Foskolos K., Goetzmann C., Kröger W., Stanculescu A., and Wydler P., Fortgeschrittene nukleare Systeme im Vergleich, in PSI Report 17/96. Villigen: 1996
• Kröger W., Seiler H, and Gheorghe A., Technik, Risiko und Sicherheit, Abschlussbericht des Polyprojektes "Risiko und Sicherheit technischer Systeme" der ETH Zürich 1991 - 1994. Zürich: vdf Hochschulverlag an der ETH Zürich", 1996
• Kröger W., Kienle F., and Tripputi I., Changes in Approach to Improve Acceptance of Advanced Reactors, IAEA Int. Symposium on Advanced Nuclear Power Systems, Seoul. Vienna: IAEA, October 1993
• Kröger W., Akzeptanz, Konsensfähigkeit der Kerntechnik, in Atomwirtschaft-Atomtechnik (atw), Vol. 38 No. 2. Düsseldorf: Verlagsgruppe Handelsblatt GmbH, February 1993
• Kröger W., Beschreibung nuklearer Risiken - Ein Lehrstück?, in Risiko und Sicherheit technischer Systeme. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1991
• Kröger W., et al., Basic Risk Analyses for High-Temperature Reactors, Nuclear Engineering and Design 121. Elsevier Science, 1990
• Kröger W., and Charkarborty S., Risikobestimmung - Eine Bestandsaufnahme der Methodik für Kernkraftwerke, in Schweizer Ingenieur und Architekt Nr. 37. Zürich: SIA, September 1990
• Kröger W., and Nickel H., Safety/Licensing Reviews in the FRG with Emphasis on THTR-300, Nuclear Safety, Vol. 30, No. 4, 1989
• Kröger W., Tschernobyl und weltweite Konsequenzen, Teil 1. Köln: Verlag TÜV Rheinland, 1988
• Kröger W., and Schulten R., Technology and Safety Aspects of German HTGR, in Nuclear Technology, December 1989
• Kröger W., Nickel H., and Schulten R., Safety Characteristics of Modern HTR: Focus on German Designs, in Nuclear Safety, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1988
• Kröger W., Non-Catastrophic Release Requirements for the Next Generation of Nuclear Power Plants, in Nuclear Engineering and Design 109. Elsevier Science, 1988

d) Others (since 2005, excerpt)

• Kröger W., "Risk and Vulnerability of Large-Scale Technical Systems | Challenges and Achievements", Festakt, TU München, Germany, 28 November, 2012
• Kröger W., "Safety Performance Indicators |Learning from Others", SASCON 2012, Olten, Switzerland, 14 November, 2012
• Kröger W., "Roles and Responsibilities in Managing Energy-related Risks and Uncertainties", 20th Conference FORUM ENGELBERG, Switzerland, September, 2012
• Kröger W., "Fukushima: Need for Reappraisal of Nuclear Risks?", Keynote SRA-Europe 21st Annual Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, 20 June, 2012
• Kröger W & Nan C., "Dealing with Complexity and Interdependencies: Advanced Modeling/Simulation Approaches", 507.Wilhelm und Else Heraeus-Seminar, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany, 19 June, 2012
• Kröger W.,"Characteristics of Large-scale Technical Networks and Challenges to Analysis Methods", 507.Wilhelm und Else Heraeus-Seminar, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany, 18 June, 2012
• Kröger W.,"Modeling Interdependencies within and among Complex Technological Networks", TUM-IAS, General Assembly, Munich, Germany, April, 2012
• Kröger W.,"A Hybrid Approach for Modeling/Simulating CI Interdependencies", BMBF Innovationsforum, Berlin, Germany, April, 2012
• Kröger W.,"Risikoherausforderungen aus Sicht derForschung / Wissenschaft", Ausbildungstag, Schweizer Armee-Armeestab, Bern, 30 November, 2011
• Kröger W.,"Towards Reconstruction and RebirthWorking Group 2: Nuclear Energy GovernanceReflections after Fukushima Dai-ichi from a Swiss perspective", 4th International Tokyo Colloquium, Japan, 5 October, 2011
• Kröger W.,"Offene und verdeckte Verletzlichkeiten,erkennbare Trends, z.B. Smart Grids", TA Swiss-LA Klausurtagung, Bern, 7 September, 2011
• Kröger W.,"Complex Technological Networks: Addressing Interdependencies", NetONets 2011, Budapest, June, 2011
• Kröger W.,"Verletzbarkeit von Strom-versorgungssystemen", DEGAS – THW Symposium, Berlin, Germany, 16 May, 2011
• Kröger W.,"Kritische Infrastrukturen: Fakten und Trends im Bereich der Stromversorgung und industrieller Kontrollsysteme", Norman Security Round Table, Zürich, 26 May, 2011
• Kröger W.,"Komplexe technische Systeme: Stand des Wissens und der Analysierbarkeit", Symposium Deutsches Museum München, 18.Nov, 2010
• Kröger W.,"Kritische Infrastrukturen: Fakten und Trends im Bereich Strom-versorgung und Information", SSI-Fachtagung, 28 October, 2010
• Kröger W & Zhou L.,"Security Issues in Electric Power and TransportInfrastructure and Respective Control Systems", Security Conference, Zurich, 7 September, 2010
• Kröger W & Probst P.,"Risk and Reward – Dealing with Uncertainty Risk Governance: Proactive-preventive versus reactive-mitigative ", 19th Annual Conference FORUM ENGELBERG, Geneva, August 2010
• Kröger W.,"Handling Vulnerability of Critical Energy Infrastructure: A Science-based Approach", EAPC Seminar on "Energy Security and Critical Infrastructure Protection", Tbilisi, May, 2010
• Kröger W.,"Challenges to Governance of Global Critical Infrastructures", EAPC Seminar, Singapore, May, 2010.
• Kröger W.,"Interdependencies within and between critical infrastructures: Governing social vulnerabilities", Seminar at Central Research Institute of Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, 27 May, 2009
• Kröger W., "Towards Disaster Risk Governance", Research Seminar on Global Critical Infrastructure Systems, Kyoto Research Park Corp, Japan, 6-7 June, 2009
• Kröger W., Roundtable on Technical Aspects of Nuclear Energy, Singapore, 25-27 February, 2009
• Kröger W., EAPC Seminar on Energy Security Through Security Development of Cooperation; Addressing Energy Security with emphasis on Networks and Infrastructures fron a Western Technical Perspective; Yerevan, 2-3 October, 2009
• Kröger W., Was heisst Versorungssicherheit? ElCom Workshop, 7 Oct, 2008
• M. Schläpfer, T. Kessler, W. Kröger: "Simulation komplexer Störungsabläufe", Bulletin SEV/AES, Nr. 6, S.21-25, 2008
• Kröger W., Threats and challenges in protecting critical infrastructures from terrorist attack - conclusions from scientific risk and vulnerability assessments, speech held at the OCEEA-ATU Expert Meeting, Vienna, 17 July, 2008
• Kröger W. (and Dietz S.), Interdependencies among Technical Systems: the Why, What and How, Keynote speech, PSAM9, Hong Kong, 23 May, 2008
• Kröger W., Risiken, Risikobewertungen und Schutz kritischer Infrastrukturen, Vortrag anläslich der Geschäftsleitungs-Klausur des Bundesamtes für Energie, 30 Nov, 2007
• Kröger W., Risk Governance Framework, Speech, Plenary Session V of the 5th EAP/PfP Workshop, Zurich, 3 Oct, 2007
• Kröger W., Nachhaltige Energieversorgung - mit Kernenergie, Vortrag, 50-jähriges Jubiläum, Schweizer Pool für die Versicherung von Nuklearrisiken, Bern, 18 June, 2007
• Kröger W., Research for a Secure Europe; Security, Innovation, Technology, European Conference on Security Research, Berlin, 26-27 March, 2007
• Kröger W., Global Cooperation for Risk Governance, 6th International Seminar Disaster Prevention Cooperation, Seoul, 27 Oct, 2006
• Kröger W., Critical Infrastructures at Risk: A Need for a New Conceptual Approach and Extended Analytical Tools, Keynote speech ESREL 2006, Estoril, 18 Sept, 2006
• Kröger W., Coupled Critical Infrastructures at Risk: Strategies and Policy Options to Promote Protection, International Disaster Reduction Conference, Davos, 29 Aug, 2006
• Kröger W., Probabilistische Sicherheits- und Risikoermittlung, 15. Fachgespräch TÜV Pfalz, Bad Dürkheim, 21 June, 2006
• Kröger W., Protecting Coupled Critical Infrastructures: Understanding and Governing Complexity, "Complex Network and Infrastructure Protection", CNIP 2006, Rome, 28 March, 2006
• Kröger W., Risiko: Analyse, Kontext, Entscheidungsprozesse, QRA – Quo vadis?, 44. Tutzing-Symposium, Tutzing, 13 March, 2006
• Kröger W., Quality Control in Scientific Policy Advice – International Risk Governance Council, Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 13 Jan, 2006
• Kröger W., Ist Kernenergie vergleichsweise nachhaltig? – Eine Stellungnahme der ILK, ITAS, FZ Karlsruhe, 21 Nov, 2005
• Kröger W., Critical Energy (Electricity) Infrastructures in Europe, SEIF-CV, Brussels, 14.–16 Nov, 2005
• Kröger W., Emerging Risks: From Risk Management to Risk Governance, TEHOSS 2005, Gdansk, 29 Seot, 2005
• Kröger W., Risk Awareness and Crisis Management, AON-day, Glattbrugg, 23 June, 2005
• Kröger W., Risk Analyses & Applications to Safety Decisions, A Thematic Forum for Safety Managers, CENS, Bratislava, 21-22 June, 2005
• Kröger W., ILK- Stellungnahme zur Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeit der Kernenergie und anderer Technologien zur Stromerzeugung, Bayerisches Staatsministerium, München, 12 April, 2005
• Kröger W., 9/11, Strom-Blackout, BSE - Überrollen uns gesellschaftliche Grossrisiken?, Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Winterthur, Winterthur, 18 April, 2005
• Kröger W., New Challenges Posed from the Interdependent Networked Systems and Human-Induced Risks, Conference on Complex Networks, Salou, 15 March, 2005
• Kröger W., Nachhaltigkeitskriterien für Energiesysteme, Seminar Bayerische Staatskanzlei, Tegernsee, 25 Febr, 2005
• Kröger W., The International Risk Governance Council - mission, projects, first deliverables, Seminar at the University of Maryland, 16 Febr, 2005
• Kröger W., Kernenergie und Nachhaltigkeit - eine Stellungnahme der ILK, Wintertagung des Deutschen Atomforums, Berlin, 2 Febr, 2005